Similarto patients with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, some patients with 2019-nCoVdevelop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) withcharacteristic pulmonary ground glass changes on imaging. In mostmoribund patients, 2019-nCoV infection is also associated with acytokine storm, which is characterised by increased plasmaconcentrations of interleukins 2, 7, and 10, granulocyte-colonystimulating factor, interferon-γ-inducible protein 10, monocytechemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha,and tumour necrosis factor α.Inthose who survive intensive care, these aberrant and excessive immuneresponses lead to long-term lung damage and fibrosis, causingfunctional disability and reduced quality of life.