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خواندن نظرات دیگران بد نیست اما فراموش نکنیم این نظرات ، فقط در حد نظرات و تفسیر ها شخصی هستن ... در نتیجه این حرف شما زیاد با حرف دیگه شما جور در نمیاد .نوشته اصلی از سوی سارا
شما از کل ایرادات وارد شده به قرآن و اسلام در این فورم ، فقط همین قتلوا و قاتلوا رو دیدین ؟ خب نا آگاهی در هر دو طرف بحث وجود داره ، همون طور که تعداد زیادی مترجم و قرآن داریم که بر اساس میل خودشون و برای توجیه مطلب ، ترجمه های عجیب و غریب داشتن ...
اگه مایل هستید نقدتون رو به جستار هایی که در همین فورم به عنوان نقد اسلام مطرح شده ، بنویسید و به شکل دقیق تر بحث کنیم .
خیر از این خبر ها هم در یونان باستان نبوده . از شما که اهل مطالعه هستید انتظار بیشتری میرفت ، فقط همین خط اول رو داشته باشید :
Citizenship in Athens
Only adult male Athenian citizens who had completed their military training as ephebes had the right to vote in Athens. The percentage of the population that actually participated in the government was 10 to 20% of the total number of inhabitants, but this varied from the fifth to the fourth century BC.[11] This excluded a majority of the population: slaves, freed slaves, children, women and metics (foreigners resident in Athens).[14]The women had limited rights and privileges, had restricted movement in public, and were very segregated from the men.[15]
Also excluded from voting were citizens whose rights were under suspension (typically for failure to pay a debt to the city: see atimia); for some Athenians this amounted to permanent (and in fact inheritable) disqualification. Given the exclusive and ancestral concept of citizenship held by Greek city-states, a relatively large portion of the population took part in the government of Athens and of other radical democracies like it, compared to oligarchies and aristocracies.[11]
At Athens some citizens were far more active than others, but the vast numbers required for the system to work testify to a breadth of direct participation among those eligible that greatly surpassed any present-day democracy.[11] Athenian citizens had to be descended from citizens—after the reforms of Pericles and Cimon in 450 BC, they "would be confined to those whose parents were both Athenian".[16] Although the legislation was not retrospective, five years later, when a free gift of grain had arrived from the Egyptian king, to be distributed among all citizens, "many 'illegitimates' were discovered" and removed from the registers.[17]
Citizenship, "commonly applied not only to the individuals themselves but to their descendants as well", could be granted by the assembly, and was sometimes given to large groups (e.g. Plateans in 427 BC andSamians in 405 BC) but, by the 4th century, only to individuals and by a special vote with a quorum of 6000. This was generally done as a reward for some service to the state. In the course of a century, the number of citizenships so granted was in the hundreds rather than thousands.[18]
در مورد ایران هم اتفاقا به اعتراف خودشون ، یونان باستان از سیستم سیاست و مملکت داری هخامنشیان تاثیر گرفته :
Persian influence on Greece VII: Politics
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