درود و به دفترچه خوشآمدیدنوشته اصلی از سوی slice_of_god
اتفاقا نوعی زنبور وجود دارد که چنین رفتاری مانند مثال ماشین از خود بروز میدهد.طعمه خود را فلج میکند و آنرا به نزدیک حفره‌ای که قبلا آماده کرده میبرد،در ورودی حفره طعمه را رها میکند و میرود داخل حفره را برای اطمینان از خالی بودن آن چک میکند،حالا اگر هنگام برگشت طعمه اندکی حرکت کرده باشد،زنبور ما دوباره او را به آستانه ورودی حفره میاورد ولی به جای داخل کردن آن دوباره آنرا رها میکند و میرود و داخل حفره را چک میکند.با آزمایش و حرکت دادن هرباره‌ی ِ طعمه این داستان دوباره و دوباره تکرار میشود.این چنین عملی را Douglas Hofstadter نامش را گذاشته Sphexishness.
حالا به نظر شما اکنون این زنبور ما ماشین است؟و اگر هست نمیتواند ماهی ما هم ماشینی باشد با پیچیدگی و الگوریتم متفاوت؟
Some Sphex wasps drop a paralyzed insect near the opening of the nest. Before taking provisions into the nest, the Sphex first inspects the nest, leaving the prey outside. During the inspection, an experimenter can move the prey a few inches away from the opening. When the Sphex emerges from the nest ready to drag in the prey, it finds the prey missing. The Sphex quickly locates the moved prey, but now its behavioral "program" has been reset. After dragging the prey back to the opening of the nest, once again the Sphex is compelled to inspect the nest, so the prey is again dropped and left outside during another stereotypical inspection of the nest. This iteration can be repeated again and again, with the Sphex never seeming to notice what is going on, never able to escape from its programmed sequence of behaviors. Dennett's argument quotes an account of Sphex behavior from Dean Wooldridge's Machinery of the Brain (1963). Douglas Hofstadter and Daniel Dennett have used this mechanistic behavior as an example of how seemingly thoughtful behavior can actually be quite mindless, the opposite of free will (or, as Hofstadter described it, sphexishness).
Digger wasp - WiKi
When the time comes for egg laying, the wasp Sphex builds a burrow
for the purpose and seeks out a cricket which she stings in such a
way as to paralyze but nOt kill it. She drags the cricket into the
burrow, lays her eggs alongside, closes the burrow, then flies away,
never to return. In due course, the eggs hatch and the wasp grubs
feed off the paralyzed cricket, which has not decayed, having been
kept in the wasp equivalent of deep freeze. To the human mind,
such an elaborately organized and seemingly purposeful routine
conveys a convincing flavor of logic and thoughtfulness-until more
details are examined. For example, the Wasp's routine is to bring the
paralyzed cricket to the burrow, leave it on the threshold, go inside
to see that all is well, emerge, and then drag the cricket in. If the
cricket is moved a few inches away while the wasp is inside making
her preliminary inspection, the wasp, on emerging from the burrow,
will bring the cricket back to the threshold, but not inside, and will
then repeat the preparatory procedure of entering the burrow to see
that everything is all right. If again the cricket is removed a few
inches while the wasp is inside, once again she will move the cricket
up to the threshold and re-enter the burrow for a final check. The
wasp never thinks of pulling the cricket straight in. On one occasion
this procedure was repeated forty times, always with the same result.
(Wooldridge 1963, p. 82)4
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