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    1. #19
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      Mehrbod آواتار ها
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      گفت‌آورد نوشته اصلی از سوی Russell نمایش پست ها
      یک صحبتی بود درباره سیاه پوستها و علاقه دخترها به اونها،من یک فیلیا فرگشتی شنیدم (اسمش رو نتونستم پیدا کنم) که علاقه زنان رو میگه در انتخاب مرد به ژنهای مردانه بیگانه. غریب نوازند گویا بانوان
      این دو تا نسک همه این جستارها را دربر میگیرند.

      یک بخش گیرا از The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology، برگ 256:



      A nutshell summary of modern Darwinism is this: An organism is an integrated
      collection of problem-solving devices—that is, adaptations—that were
      shaped by natural selection over evolutionary time to promote, in some specific
      way, the survival of the genes that directed their construction. The “specific way”
      that an adaptation was designed to promote gene survival is that adaptation’s
      function (or goal or purpose). The function of the heart is to pump blood, the function
      of pancreatic beta cells is to secrete insulin, and so forth. Unlike nonliving
      matter, living matter is not just complexly organized, it is functionally organized.
      The specific aspects of the environment to which an adaptation is adapted and on
      which its normal functioning and development depend are sometimes called its
      environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA).

      The second lesson that I draw from T. antennifer’s sex life is that it is logically
      impossible to describe an adaptation without (at least implicitly) describing the
      adaptation’s EEA. Without the EEA, there is no science of adaptation. Any scientifically
      useful description of T. antennifer’s flower will necessarily include a description
      of the morphology of certain female flies and the mating psychology of
      male flies found in T. antennifer’s natural habitat, the high-altitude cloud forests
      of Ecuador. Moreover, my brief description of T. antennifer’s flower would be intelligible
      only to those who already understood the nature and purpose of flowers
      and their evolved relationships with environmental vectors such as insects.
      The EEAs of the vast majority of human adaptations still exist today and usually
      are too obvious to merit explicit mention. For example, a neurophysiologist
      describing the function of a certain component of the human visual system probably
      will simply assume that his or her colleagues know: (1) a great deal about the
      nature of electromagnetic radiation and (2) that the (natural) light falling on
      human retinas today is essentially identical to the light that fell on our ancestors’
      retinas during the evolution of our visual system. But human environments, especially
      those of modern industrialized societies, have changed in many ways in
      the brief period since the origin of agriculture 10,000 years ago, and some of these
      changes potentially affect the functioning of human mating adaptations. Darwinian
      students of human mating psychology thus have another advantage over other
      researchers: The Darwinian is alert to potentially significant differences between
      current and ancient environments, and this “EEA mindedness” can inform hypothesis
      formation. In some cases, it can even lead the Darwinian to posit the existence
      of adaptation where others perceive pathology or folly.

      For example, a striking feature of human courtship—in its broadest sense—is
      the powerful effect that fear of rejection has on behavior.
      Sexual/romantic rejection
      hurts; the memory of being rejected hurts; the thought of being rejected hurts;
      hence, it is not surprising that the possibility of being rejected affects most people’s mating behavior. Yet, on the face of it, fear of rejection seems to be astonishingly
      dysfunctional. The potential benefits of propositioning an attractive member of the
      other sex, which include everything from a sexual fling to a lifetime mateship,
      would appear to vastly outweigh the potential costs, which seem to consist mainly
      of a small amount of wasted time.

      The potent effect that fear of rejection has on human courtship should inspire
      students of human mating psychology to consider whether this fear might have
      been adaptive during the vast majority of human evolution, even if it is not adaptive
      in many current environments. In other words, being rejected might have entailed
      real and significant costs in the human evolutionary past that it does not
      usually entail today. I propose the following hypothesis. During most of human
      evolutionary history
      , our ancestors lived in relatively small, face-to-face groups
      wherein sexual/romantic rejections were very likely to become common knowledge.
      When Ann the gatherer rejected Andy the hunter’s proposition, everyone
      in their community probably found out about it before long (assuming that our
      ancestors were no less interested in other people’s sex lives and no less prone to
      gossip than we are). The information that Ann had rejected Andy could diminish
      his perceived mate value in the eyes of others, including other potential mates
      (Ann may have rejected Andy because she had acquired mate-value-relevant information
      about him that others were not privy to). On a modern university campus,
      with thousands of students and enormous scope for anonymity, Bob’s
      anxiety at the prospect of hitting on Bobbi is, perhaps, “irrational” in the sense
      that he has little to fear but fear itself; but the underlying motivational system
      may have been shaped by selection to function in an environment in which rejection
      had substantial costs.


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      Sticky بجای وادادن در برابر واقعیت تلخ، بهتر است آدمی بكوشد كه واقعیت را بسود خود دگرگون كند و اگر بتواند حتی یك واژه ی تازی را هم از زبان شیرین مادری خود بیرون بیندازد بهتر از این است كه بگوید چه كنم ! ناراحتم! ولی همچنان در گنداب بماند و دیگران را هم به ماندن در گنداب گول بزند!!

      —مزدک بامداد


    2. 4 کاربر برای این پست سودمند از Mehrbod گرامی سپاسگزاری کرده اند:

      Anarchy (07-25-2012),Kaveh (07-26-2012),Russell (07-25-2012),sonixax (07-25-2012)

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