Ancient Greeks:
Unfortunately, the knowledge of brain function at that time was limited by the strong aversion to dissecting the brain. They had a number of mistaken beliefs, including
Aristotle's localization of mental functions in the heart. This theory explained that people with heavy upper bodies were intellectualy dull due to the extra weight bearing on the heart. The view that the heart is the organ of the human mind or consciousness is called the "cardiac or cardiocentric hypothesis". Aristotle identified the heart as "the most important organ of the body," and the first to form according to his observations of chick embryos. It was the seat of intelligence, motion, and sensation - a hot, dry organ. Aristotle described it as a three-chambered organ that was the center of vitality in the body. Other organs surrounding it (e.g. brain and lungs) simply existed to cool the heart.
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